Acanthosis Nigricans Risks Pathogenesis and Treatments. Hey everyone, in this lesson I’m going to be talking to you guys about Akanthosis Niger Cans, what it is, what are some of the risk factors for developing it? What are the causes? And finally, I’m going to talk to you guys about some of the treatments to reduce or alleviate Akanthosis Niagara Can symptoms. So to begin, what is Acanthosis niagar cans? Well, Akanthosis Niagara Cans is a relatively common condition involving formation of grayish Brown hyperpigmented plaques on the skin.
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The skin is often described as very thick and velvety. The most common sites of formation of these plaques include the back of the neck, the sides of the neck and the axle a or the armpits. Now you can see in these photos here the typical presentation on the neck as well as the armpit. Now, less common sites include the analgenital regions as well as the inguinal folds, abdomen, and in severe cases, the Areola lips and other mucosal areas are affected. One important aspect of Cantosis Niagara is that there is a symmetrical distribution in the formation of the hyperpigmented skin.
Acanthosis Nigricans Risks Pathogenesis and Treatments
Another important aspect is that this condition is almost always asymptomatic and benign. However, a rare condition that can occur is known as a malignancy associated with Kantosis Niagara Cans. But this condition typically occurs in older adults and has a very fast onset.
Acanthosis Nigricans Risks Pathogenesis and Treatments So what are some of the risk factors or associated disorders that increase risk of developing Akantosis migrates? Firstly, when we look at patients, we can see clear differences between patient populations. In particular, Native American, African American, and Hispanic populations have higher incidences of the Kantos and Nigerians than do White and Asian populations.
More specifically, though, certain medical conditions are highly associated with development of cancer niagar Cans. In fact, conditions involving hyperinsulinemic States, problems with insulin utilization, and abnormal glucose utilization are highly associated with development of the Kantos As Niagara Cans.
Therefore, it comes as no surprise that conditions related to problems with insulin usage, such as obesity, which actually there’s an increased incidence of Ocantosis Niagara Trans with increased weight. Other problems with insulin utilization such as type two diabetes melitis and insulin resistance, all are associated with the onset of Akantosis Niger Cans.
Now another syndrome called Polycystic Ovarian syndrome is one that we don’t always think about having associations with insulin resistance. But in fact, there are associations between Polysystic Ovarian syndrome and insulin resistance, which increases an individual’s risk of developing a Cantosis Niger Cans.
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Acanthosis Nigricans Risks Pathogenesis and Treatments Now the association between genetic conditions and Akantosis Nigerkens again comes down to the genetic condition predisposing individuals for insulin resistance or abnormal glucose utilization, which increased the likelihood of Acanthosis and Niger Cans.
Some of these genetic conditions include down syndrome, RAPSIn Mendinghall syndrome, Alston syndrome, cutus Gyratis syndrome, and Costello syndrome. Now there are also medications that increase the risk of Acanthosis Niagara Cans, and these medications typically are related to or cause misutilization of glucose or insulin. Such things as systemic glucocorticoids can cause abnormal glucose utilization. Insulin itself can actually increase the likelihood of the Cantosis migrates.
Some other things that we don’t think about are oral contraceptives and testosterone, niacin protein inhibitors and Aripiprazole and an atypical antipsychotic can all increase the likelihood of developing a Cantosis Niagara Cans. So now that we know some of the risk factors and associated conditions for development of Akantosis Niagara cans, what actually happens during Akantosis Niagara cans?
Well, the exact mechanisms for development of Akanthosis Niger Cans are not well understood. The only thing that is known for sure is that there is a process of hyperkaratosis. Now, there are several signaling pathways that have been proposed to play a role in hypercaratosis.
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One involves tyrosine kinase receptors, another involves the insulin like growth factor receptor, one another one involves fibroblast growth factor receptor, and another one involves the epidermal growth factor receptor. So how do these pathways actually operate to cause hypercaratosis and Akantosis Niagara Cans? Well, firstly, in insulin like growth factor receptor signaling, any increase or misutilization of insulin can activate insulin like growth factor receptor, one leading to a proliferation of keratinocytes or dermal fibroblasts leading to hypercarritosis.
With fibroblast growth factory receptor signaling, there can actually be a mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor leading to a hyperactivation of this receptor and again, proliferation of the keratinocytes or the dermal fibroblasts. And finally with epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, any mutation in transforming growth factor Alpha, which is a ligand that binds to epidermal growth factor receptor, can also cause a hyperactivation of the signaling pathway leading to proliferation of cartinocytes or dermal fibroblasts, all of which lead to hyperkytosis.
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So now that we know why and how a Kantosis Niagara Cans develops, how can we treat it? Well, oftentimes Akantosis Niagara Cans is benign and asymptomatic and does not require treatment. However, in many cases, patients often want treatment for cosmetic reasons. So the first thing we want to do is we want to target the cause. So some of the first treatments involve reversing or managing the cause of Ocanthosis Niagara Cans.
As I mentioned before, obesity is one of the main causes of Akantosis Niagara Cans. So weight loss is a very important treatment to reduce a Cantosis niagar Cans. Other treatments involved include medications for insulin resistance such as metformin. Now these have been shown to reduce cancer pain in some cases and as well discontinuation of the medication that actually is causing a Cantosis Niagara can, such as Eric Piperzol. Now if none of the above are applicable or the case of Akantos and Niagara is very difficult to reverse, there are other options.
One is topical retinoids and the other one is topical vitamin D analog. Now these have been shown to reduce the hyperpigmentation and some of the Platformation involved in Akantosis Niger Cans. Anyways, guys, I hope this video helped you gain a better understanding of Akantosis niagar Cans. Some of the risk factors involved, some of the pathways involved in the pathogenesis. Of the Kantos as Niger cans and some of the treatments available for Cantos as nigerkens.
